Indian food remains overwhelmingly safe for consumption, with nearly 97.2% of agricultural commodities tested over the past nine years found to be within prescribed pesticide residue limits, according to an analysis released by the Crop Care Federation of India (CCFI).
Drawing on data generated by the All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues (AINPPR), a government-backed monitoring programme under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the report says only 2.82% of over 2.09 lakh samples collected between 2015 and 2024 exceeded the prescribed Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs).
The findings come amid growing scrutiny of pesticide residues in food products and international debates over residue standards affecting agricultural trade.
“It is unfortunate that Agrochemicals are singled out whenever there are issues on residues or contamination. As a responsible association Crop Care Federation of India (CCFI) undertakes studies and analyses data so as to project the factual position among stakeholders, scientific fraternity, bureaucrats, housewives and public at large The purpose is to establish logically and convincingly that our food is safe healthy and nutritious,” said Harish Mehta, Senior Advisor, CCFI.
The AINPPR, headquartered at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, routinely collects and analyses samples from across India to monitor pesticide residues in food, soil and water.
According to the report, 209,899 samples were tested during the nine-year period, of which only 5,939 were found above the prescribed MRLs. This translates to 97.18% compliance with national food safety standards.
CCFI noted that the compliance rate compares favourably with figures reported in several developed markets, including the European Union, the United States and China, where residue exceedance levels reportedly range between 3% and 6%.
The report argues that the findings reinforce confidence in the safety of Indian food grains, fruits, vegetables, milk and other consumables for human consumption.
What are MRLs?
Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) define the highest concentration of pesticide residue legally permitted in food and feed products. They are established through scientific assessments and are intended to ensure consumer safety while supporting good agricultural practices and facilitating global trade.
MRLs also serve as an important regulatory tool. Exceeding prescribed limits can indicate improper pesticide use, including excessive application rates, incorrect timing before harvest, or use on crops for which the pesticide is not approved.
Internationally, organizations such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission work to harmonize residue standards and reduce trade disputes arising from differing national regulations.
Wide-Ranging sample collection
The analysis covered a broad spectrum of agricultural commodities.
Food grain samples included wheat, rice and pulses, while vegetable testing covered crops such as cabbage, okra and chillies. Fruit samples were drawn largely from pomegranate, apples, mangoes and grapes.
Additional testing included curry leaves, eggs, meat, fish, marine products, water, oilseeds, red chilli powder, spices and tea.
Notably, the report states that none of the milk samples tested during the study period showed detectable pesticide residues above prescribed limits.
Export challenges persists
While domestic compliance levels remain high, the report highlights concerns over differing international residue standards.
According to CCFI, agricultural products that comply with Indian MRL requirements can still face rejection in certain export markets where significantly lower residue thresholds are applied. The federation argues that the application of a 0.01 ppm residue standard by some jurisdictions has emerged as a major non-tariff barrier affecting Indian exports of spices, vegetables, grapes, chillies and basmati rice.
The report warns that export rejections can have significant consequences for agricultural production, commodity prices and farmer incomes.
CCFI has called for greater engagement between Indian authorities and trading partners to address residue-related trade concerns through bilateral discussions.
In concluding the report, Mehta emphasized the broader importance of food safety for consumers, businesses and international trade.
“We as responsible agrochemical federation firmly believe that food safety is essential to protect public health by preventing foodborne illnesses and diseases caused by harmful bacteria, parasites, and chemical contaminants. It safeguards vulnerable populations, prevents costly economic losses, and preserves consumer trust in the global food supply chain”.
“Our effort ensures protecting public health by proper handling, storage, and cooking prevents food poisoning caused by pathogens like Salmonella, besides protecting vulnerable groups who are at greater risk. In commercial dealings rejections can result in devastating product recalls, severe legal penalties, and permanent permanent business shutdown.
"Preserving nutritional value and ensuring the food retains its essential vitamins, minerals, and caloric values are important. Our quality builds brand image and a positive market reputation”.
